Bimwe mu bihano igihugu cy'uburusiya cyafatiwe kubwo gushoza intambara ku gihugu gituranyi cya Ukraine ,ni uguhagarikwa kun buryo bwo kohererezanya amafaranga no guhanahana amakuru hagati y'amabanki buzwi nka SWIFT.
Kugeza ubu guhererekanya amafarnga hagati y'amabanki ari ku migabane itandukanye biroroshye kandi bikihuta bitewe n'imbaraga ziri kuranabuhanga rya SWIFT .
Swift yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1973 itangirana banki 239 zikorera mu bihugu 15 ,mu 1977 yari imaze kugera kuri banki ziyikoresha zingana na 518 zikorera mu bihugu 22 ,muri raporo ya 2022 ivuga ko ubu hari banki 11.000 zikoresha SWIFT ,zikorera mu bihugu 200.
Uburyo bwa SWIFT bwahagaritswe gukoreshwa mu gihugu cy'Uburusiya ndetse n'igihugu cya Iran ,ubu amaBanki yaho ntashobora kwakira ubutumwa bugaragaza transactions zakozwe n'amabanki yo mu mahanga binyuze kuri SWIFT.
SWIFT ni iki?
mu magambo arambuye ni Society for wordwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications ,ni uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru ya transactions (igikorwa cyo kohererezanya amafaranga ) yakozwe hagati y'amabanki atandukanye ,akenshi ari no mu bice by'isi bitandukanye /imigabane itandukanye .
Hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya SWIFT ,banki runaka ihita ibona amakuru ko hari umukiriya wayo wohererejwe amafaranga binyuze kuri uyu muyoboro wa SWIFT ,Nkuko bitangazwa n'ikinyamakuru cya Investopedia,com kivuga ko igihe cyo kuba Banki yakiriye amakuru cyagabanijwe ku buryo mu minota 30 yaba yarangij kubona amkuru ko yakiriye amafaranga binyuze kuri SWIFT.
Mu mwaka wa 2021 ,ibigo by'ubucuruzi n'imali birenga ibihumbi 11.000 byabashije guhanahana amkuru y'iyohererezanya ry'amafaranga binyuze kuri SWIFT ,ubutumwa bwoherezwaga bwanganaga na miliyoni 42 ku munsi . ugereranyije n'umwaka wa 202o byari byiyongereye ku kigero cya 11.4%.
ni gute SWIFT ikora ?
Mu gusobanukirwa neza na SWIFT ,ni ukumenya ko SWIFT atari Banki ,nta mitungo y;amafaranga ifite ku buryo abantu babasha kubika ,kubikuza no gusaba inguzanyo ,ahubwo SWIFT ni ukoroshya no kwihutisha ihererekanya ry'amafaranga hagati y'amabanki .aho ibi bigerwaho hakoresheje kohereza ubutumwa bwa buri transaction yose ikozwe.
Buri Banki cyangwa ikindi kigo cy'imali gikoresha SWIFT gihabwa Code ya SWIFT igizwe n'imibare 11 ,iyi kodi yitwa Bank Identifier Code cg BIC nanone ishobora kwitwa SWIFT code cg ISO 9362 code.
iyi mibare igize iyi code iba sobanura ibi
- Imibare ine cg inyuguti 4 za mbere zisobanura izina rya Banki
- Inyuguti 2 zikuikira zikaba arin code y'igihugu
- Inyuguti 2 zikurikiye ziba zisobanura aho iyo banki iherereye nk'umugi cg agace
- Inyugut i 3 za nyuma zitangwa na banki ishaka kwerekana amashami yayo ari mu duce dutandukanye
Reka dufate urugero kuri Banki ya Kigali (BK) ,SWIFT Code yabo ni
BKIGRWRW igizwe n'inyugu umunani , inyuguti 4 za mbere ni BKIG zihagarariye Bank of Kigali , inyuguti ebyiri kurikiyeho ni RW zihagarariye code y'igihugu cya RWANDA .inyuguti zindi 2 zikurikiyeho ni RW zihagarariye aho iherereye bivuze ko ari mu RWANDA . izindi nyuguti 3 zikurikira ziba zigaragaza Branch ariko BK ikunze gukoresha XXX bityo SWIFT Code ikuzura imibare 11 ariyo BKIGRWRW XXX
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Reka tuvuge ko hari umuntu uri mu gihugu cya Amerika ushaka koherereza umuvandimwe we uri hano muri Kigali ,uyu muvandi mwe akoresha Banki ya Kigali ,naho uwo ugiye kumwoherereza amafaranga akoresha Banki ya CITIBANK .
azagenda ajye kuri banki ya CITIBANK ,ababwire ko ashaka kohereza amafaranga kuri mugenzi we ukoresha Bank of Kigali ,icyo azakora azabaha Konti y'umuvandimwe we uri Kigali na SWIFT code ya BK .
Ako kanya bazohereza amafaranga kuri Konti iri muri BK ariko bifashishije ya Code ya SWIFT , BK nayo izakira ubutumwa buyimenyesha ko umukiriya wayo n'amazina ye ,yoherejwe amafaranga ava muri CITIBANK ariko binyuze mu buryo bwa SWIFT .
Byagendaga bite mbere y'uburyo bwa SWIFT ?
mbere yuko uburyo bwa SWIFT butangira ,hakoreshwaga uburyo wagereranya na gakondo buzwi nka telefix ,ubu buryo ntibwari bwizewe kandi bwagaragaramo amakosa menshi .
Banki nta mibare iziranga zagiraga ,bwari bugoye kandi buhenze ,nyuma yaho SWIFT yaje ari igisubizo yizewe kandi yihuta mu mikorere yayo.
